Since Spousal Unit became a published author as of 12/16/09, as her main support I can give you a few pointers we've gleaned from her 5 year odyssey. Just an overview.
As a first time author, investigate self publishing. A good book: Dan Poynter's self-publishing manual. If you do decide to self publish, as a standard issue Brat you have the skills to do it yourself without being taken by the many MANY outfits who are willing to charge you big bucks for little effort.
The four biggest "phases" are below.
1) Write the book and typeset it. (the easy part ;-) )
2) Create your own publishing company registered in your county complete with a simple web site.
3) Use a "demand publisher" We used Lightning Source. "Create Space," another demand printer, is an Amazon "partner".
4) Market the book (the hard part)
Your own publishing company will be able to get and issue ISBN numbers for your book and receive the necessary bar codes and there are many advantages to owning your own ISBN number. Not the least of which is that you can move from demand printers to other printers or publishing houses without any problems. You can also get your Library of Congress control number so you're good to go.
A small example: Create Space will gladly issue an ISBN number to you. Unfortunately, they keep the rights to that number and it is tied to Amazon. If they decide to sell your book for less as "used" books, you have no say. If you decide to move to a different printer, good luck. And the biggest down side is that marketing is virtually Amazon only since all the other bookstores are in direct competition and are loath to order Amazon printed books. Besides, there is a huge quality difference between print houses and Create Space sorta lags there.
If you expect to use color photos/prints, your book will be printed overseas. Usually China. There is a huge cost savings if you outsource. We deliberately chose to print in the USA and only the cover has color. The rest is b/w.
Essential: Learn and use Adobe Acrobat/photoshop or find an adept user. First book? Learn Word 2007 forward and backwords and learn how to convert the end product to a PDF and then insert the photos back into the document in 300x300 dpi and in CYMK color. There are other more sophisticated word processing software but this setup will get you there. Publishers want PDF and print using CYMK color. You can get by with RGB color but after the printers convert it to CYMK you may be VERY surprised at the result.
As an addendum, your "publishing company" will likely deal with the small booksellers. The big boys go directly to Lightning Source and the author gets paid directly by Lightning Source (or whoever you choose)
That should get you started for research purposes anyway, Jim. If I can help, PM me.
Don