Reading the mounting instructions from Furuno, this transducer should be on the downward rotation side of the prop, and 6" outboard of the circle of the diameter of the prop (since he has a 13.5" prop--this would be at least 12.75" outside of the centerline. He also has a trolling motor (not sure which side--but the transducer should be on the opposite side, if he is using the trolling motor when using the sounder.
The instructions call for 5 screws (hex head, so apparently are a bit larger than the usual "screw"). It would be very difficult if not impossible to install with thru bolts into the transom at the level this transducer needs to be installed (flush with, or 1/8" below the hull). Normally I would say use the starboard block which is screwed into potted epoxy holes, This may be possible with a thick block (at least the thickness of the length of the screws.) Starboard is a relatively flexible material, and 1/2" thick would probably not be stable--probably even for the 7.9#. I would probably mount directly to the transom--drilling out the holes where the screws are going to be set--then undercutting, and filling with epoxy. Drill the pilot holes in the potted epoxy, and mount there. You may want to be sure that the position is going to be proper--and clamp a board to the transom, which will put the transducer in the exact position you determine will be correct for the transducer--run the boat to verify this. (Temporarily bolt the transducer to the board check the position.
One of the problems with mounting to the transom, with just sealants, is that there often is water intrusion. The second issue, is that often the first guess on position where the transducer belongs may not be correct, and the transducer needs to be moved a small amount--this could end up with several holes in the transom--and more chance for water intrusion. The Starboard, is a solution, since you are only drilling holes in it, and it grips well, but in this case, the screws are most likely larger than the normal transom screws. How big are the includes screws? (length and diameter).