Today's fuels contain ethonal, which has a number of negative effects on fuel systems.
Ethonal acts as a cleaner, and can break up sediment or varnish on tank walls and allow it to pass through the fuel system. A good fuel filter water seperator is imperative, as it will help. The particles that the ethonal breaks loose can clog small passages in carburaters.
Ethonal is a water magnet. It absorbs water from the air. Once it becomes saturated with water, the alchohol / water mix seperates from the gas. This is called phase seperation. Once this happens, you need to dispose of the gas, as it can't be recombined. I am also beginning to suspect that the alcohol / water mix can pass through the water seperator filter, and reach the injectors or carburaters.
Fuel left in a carb bowl absorbs water, and becomes very corrosive, and can actually start eating away at the carb's metal components.
We've seen fuel in carb bowls that has turned into a jelly. Engines won't idle, run funny, and basically misbehave.
The bottom line- ethonal is bad, bad stuff, and is costing boaters hundreds of thousands of dollars nationally. Manufacturers won't cover fuel related issue under their warranty. We've totalled motors less than ten years old because the cost of new carbs is so expensive that it isn't worth fixing the engine.
We strongly recomend the marine (blue) Stabil product be used year round. 1 ounce in ten gallons for normal use, 1 ounce in five gallons for winterization. Avoid additives that have alcohol in them. Even the isopropyl alcohol (the good alcohol) should be avoided. The pink Stabil has alcohol in it. In these products, alcohol is used as a fuel drier, since it absorbs the water and allows it to pass the filters and get burned off.
We also recomend storing the boat with empty tanks. Fuel goes bad so fast these days, even with Stabil in it, that we feel it is easier to deal with condensation moisture than having 50 gallons of bad fuel. The cost of disposing of bad fuel is equal to the cost of buying good fuel (about $3.00 a gallon).
Since fuel injection systems are closed systems in the engine, we don't see as many fuel problems, since air and moisture can't get to the fuel in the engine. The problems we do see are from water in the fuel itself causing damage to fuel pumps. Evinrude's injectors are more complex than everyone elses' and are less tolerant of fuel problems. Water in fuel can cause corrosion in the injector's delicate internal parts, causing runability issues.
Clean fuel solves all.
So when someone comes into our shop and says "my boat needs a tune up" we always ask "how's it running?". Because most people come in for a "tune up" when the engine is running poorly. More often than not, the poor running is caused by fuel related issues and damaged carbs.
We have had some success with a sonic cleaner to clean the carb parts. The problem is that by the time you pay for the labor to disassemble and reassemble you have reached the cost of a new carb, so we most often just replace the carb if it's bad.
So Ethonal is the bane of boaters. In fact, I'm not sure that ethonal has any real upside to it in use in gasoline.