Texasair covers this well. Remember that the bottom of the C Dory is cored, and the only place on the 22 is the sump aft (and in some a sump right by the cabin door)) which is solid glass. You can cut out core, and then glass in the edges, and an extra layer or do on the bottom
Setting the transducer in water will allow you to see how it will work in a place. (either just water in the part of the hull to cover the bottom of the depth sounder, or a baggie full of water pressed to the transducer.
After you decide where to put the transducer, then mount it in some media which will transmit the ultrasonic waves: Mineral oil, (I make a box), silicone or epoxy resin are media--but you have to be sure there are no bubbles.
I don't suggest a thru hull flush transducer, because you have to undercut the core, and it a fairly big job to get it all right with out risk to the bottom of the boat. Some other boats, that is the best way to go.
The other question is why are you dinging up the transducer? I boat a lot on rivers, and never have had damage to the transducer. I have it set flush to the bottom of the boat (not below) and set to kick up if it hits something--which is rare.